UK VAT Calculator
Add VAT, remove VAT, or find the VAT content of a price. For illustration purposes only.
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Most goods and services: Electronics, clothing, professional services, most business expenses
Based on UK VAT rates
Standard rate is 20% for most goods and services. Check specific item rates on gov.uk.
Calculation result
Enter an amount to see the calculation
UK VAT rates
The following VAT rates apply in the UK. The rate depends on the type of goods or services. Always verify the correct rate on gov.uk for your specific situation.
| Rate | Percentage | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Standard rate | 20% | Most goods and services, electronics, professional fees |
| Reduced rate | 5% | Home energy, child car seats, mobility aids |
| Zero rate | 0% | Most food, children's clothing, books, public transport |
Frequently asked questions
What is the current UK VAT rate?
The standard UK VAT rate is 20%. There is also a reduced rate of 5% for certain goods and services (such as home energy and child car seats), and a zero rate (0%) for items like most food, children's clothing, and books. Always check gov.uk for the current rates applicable to specific goods or services.
How do I calculate VAT on a price?
To add VAT to a net (excluding VAT) price, multiply by 1.20 for standard rate (or 1.05 for reduced rate). To find the VAT amount, multiply the net price by 0.20 (or 0.05). To remove VAT from a gross price, divide by 1.20 (or 1.05). This calculator performs these calculations automatically.
What is the VAT fraction for 20%?
The VAT fraction for the 20% standard rate is 1/6 (or 16.67%). This means if you have a VAT-inclusive price and want to find the VAT content, you divide by 6. For example, £120 gross contains £20 VAT (£120 ÷ 6 = £20). For 5% VAT, the fraction is 1/21.
Can I reclaim VAT on business expenses?
If you are VAT-registered, you may be able to reclaim VAT on eligible business expenses through your VAT return. You generally need a valid VAT invoice showing the supplier's VAT number. Some items have restrictions (e.g., business entertainment). Consult HMRC guidance or an accountant for your specific situation.
What is the VAT threshold for registration?
As of 2025/26, you must register for VAT if your VAT taxable turnover exceeds £90,000 in a 12-month period. You can also register voluntarily below this threshold. The threshold may change, so always verify the current amount on gov.uk.
What is the difference between VAT-inclusive and VAT-exclusive prices?
VAT-exclusive (net) prices show the amount before VAT is added. VAT-inclusive (gross) prices include the VAT. B2B prices are often shown excluding VAT, while consumer prices typically include VAT. This calculator helps convert between the two.
Do I charge VAT if I am not VAT registered?
No, if you are not VAT registered, you cannot charge VAT to your customers. However, you also cannot reclaim VAT on your business purchases. You must register if your turnover exceeds the VAT threshold.
What items are exempt from VAT?
VAT-exempt items are different from zero-rated items. Exempt supplies include most financial services, insurance, education, healthcare, and certain property transactions. You cannot reclaim VAT on costs relating to exempt supplies. Check HMRC guidance for the full list.
Official HMRC guidance
🔗VAT rates on different goods and services
Official HMRC guidance on VAT rates, including which items are standard, reduced, zero-rated, or exempt.